Renewable Energy
Wind Energy Output Calculator
🌬️ P = ½·ρ·A·v³
Calculate wind turbine power output, annual energy yield, and capacity factor.
Turbine Specifications
Turbine Type
Select a turbine type or choose Custom for manual entry
Rotor Diameter
m
Rotor diameter in meters
Turbine Efficiency (Cp)
—
Betz limit: 0.593 (59.3% max theoretical efficiency)
Rated Power
W
Turbine rated power in watts (W)
Wind & Location
Average Wind Speed
m/s
Average annual wind speed at hub height
Air Density
kg/m³
Air density (sea level: 1.225 kg/m³, high altitude: lower)
Operating Hours per Year
h/year
Total hours in a year (8760 for full year)
Power
0W
Power Output
0 W
P = ½·ρ·A·v³·Cp
Swept Area
0 m²
Annual Energy Yield
0 kWh
Capacity Factor
0%
Turbine Efficiency
0%
📊 Detailed Breakdown
| Parameter | Value | Unit |
|---|
How the formula works
P = ½ · ρ · A · v³ · Cp | A = π · (D/2)²
- Swept Area (A) = π × (Rotor Diameter / 2)²
- Power Output (W) = ½ × Air Density × Swept Area × Wind Speed³ × Efficiency (Cp)
- Annual Energy (kWh) = Power Output (W) × Operating Hours ÷ 1000
- Capacity Factor = (Actual Annual Energy) / (Rated Power × 8760 / 1000) × 100
- Betz Limit: Maximum theoretical efficiency is 59.3% (0.593)
- Typical turbine efficiencies: Small (0.3-0.4), Medium (0.4-0.45), Large (0.45-0.5)
- Air density: 1.225 kg/m³ at sea level, lower at higher altitudes
- Capacity factor: 20-40% for onshore, 40-50% for offshore wind farms